biarpun

Biarpun is a conjunction (kata sambung) in Indonesian that expresses a concession, roughly translating to "even though" or "although." It is used to introduce a subordinate clause that presents a contrast to the main clause.

Usage and syntax: Biarpun is typically placed at the beginning of a clause or sentence. It can pair with a following main clause to indicate persistence or contrast, as in "Biarpun hujan deras, kami tetap berjalan." The term is common in formal written Indonesian and in literary contexts; in everyday speech, speakers may prefer meskipun, walau, or kendati.

Etymology and form: The word is generally analyzed as a combination of biar and pun, with pun serving as an intensifier. It is usually written as one word, biarpun, though some older texts or dialect writings may render it as "biar pun." It carries a concessive sense similar to other Indonesian equivalents.

Nuance and usage notes: Biarpun often emphasizes determination or resilience in the face of an obstacle. While interchangeable with meskipun or kendati in many sentences, it can carry a slightly more literary or formal tone.

Examples:

- Biarpun hujan deras, acara tetap berjalan.

- Biarpun dia tidak setuju, kami akan melanjutkan rencana.

- Biarpun sulit, dia berhasil menyelesaikan proyeknya.

See also: meskipun; walau; kendati.