berlakukan

Berlakukan is an Indonesian verb meaning to apply, enforce, or put into effect a rule, regulation, policy, or measure. It refers to the act of causing a rule or policy to become operative for people or situations, as distinct from merely stating that something is in effect.

Etymology and usage notes: berlakukan is formed from the prefix ber- attached to laku (action or conduct) with the suffix -kan, yielding a transitive sense of “to apply" or "to put into force.” The related form berlaku describes the state of being in effect or valid (intransitive), as in peraturan ini berlaku. The passive form diberlakukan (or di- pasif lain) is commonly used to indicate that a rule has been implemented by authorities. In practice, berlakukan is often used with a subject that enacts or imposes a policy, while diterapkan and implementasi are used in contexts of carrying out or applying a policy in specific situations.

Usage examples:

- Peraturan baru ini telah diberlakukan sejak tanggal 1 Mei. (The new regulation has been put into effect since May 1.)

- Pemerintah akan memberlakukan kebijakan baru untuk industri tertentu. (The government will apply/enforce a new policy for a certain industry.)

- Peraturan ini berlaku mulai tanggal 1 Januari. (This regulation is in effect starting January 1.)

Related terms and distinctions: berlaku denotes the status of being in force; diberlakukan emphasizes the act of enforcement or implantation by authorities; diterapkan and implementasi focus on the process of applying policies to programs, contexts, or populations.

In Indonesian usage, berlakukan is common in legal and administrative contexts, while berlaku is used to describe the ongoing validity of rules or laws.