baffles

Baffles are architectural and engineering elements that act as partitions within a vessel, duct, or enclosure. They are designed to direct, restrain, or dampen the flow of liquids, gases, or acoustic energy, helping to control turbulence, limit surge, and reduce noise.

In acoustics, baffles absorb or scatter sound and are used in rooms, enclosures, loudspeaker cabinets, and ventilation ducts. They are commonly made from porous materials such as fiberglass, mineral wool, or foam, often combined with perforated metal or panels to tune frequency response and reverberation time.

In liquid and process systems, tank and impeller baffles reduce sloshing, promote mixing, and stabilize flow. In heat exchangers and reactors, flow baffles direct fluid across surfaces to improve heat transfer and support headers or tubes. Baffles in stormwater and wastewater treatment promote settling and reduce short-circuiting.

In engines, turbines, and HVAC equipment, baffles limit noise and vibrations, prevent oil or coolant from contacting sensitive components, and guide gas or air flow. In marine and aerospace settings, baffles also constrain fuel or liquid movement during maneuvering and provide acoustic shielding.

Design considerations include material, geometry, spacing, and openings, which affect pressure drop, heat transfer, and acoustical performance. They are typically fabricated from metal, plastic, or composite materials and require regular inspection for corrosion, cracking, or seal degradation.