autokefalinen

Autokefalia, derived from the Greek words *auto* (self) and *kephale* (head), refers to the independence and self-governance of an ecclesiastical jurisdiction within the broader structure of the Christian Church. The concept is most commonly associated with the Eastern Orthodox Church, though it also appears in other traditions such as Oriental Orthodoxy and some Eastern Catholic Churches.

An autokefalous (self-governing) church operates with full autonomy over its internal affairs, including liturgy, doctrine, and administration, while maintaining communion with the broader Orthodox Church. This autonomy is recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, which traditionally holds the primacy of honor among Orthodox churches. Autokefalia is granted through a formal act of *tomos*, a decree issued by the Ecumenical Patriarch, which defines the boundaries and jurisdiction of the independent church.

Notable examples of autokefalous churches include the Church of Greece, the Church of Serbia, and the Church of Romania. Some jurisdictions, such as the Church of Cyprus or the Church of Finland, hold a status of *autonomous* rather than autokefalous, meaning they enjoy significant independence but remain under the spiritual authority of another autocephalous church.

The process of achieving autokefalia is complex and often involves historical, theological, and political considerations. It typically requires a long period of preparation, including the establishment of a stable hierarchy, the development of a distinct identity, and consensus among the relevant Orthodox churches. The Ecumenical Patriarchate plays a central role in recognizing autokefalia, as it is seen as the guardian of Orthodox unity.

While autokefalia emphasizes independence, it does not imply separation from the broader Orthodox communion. Instead, it reflects the principle of *synodality*, where local churches govern themselves while remaining united in faith and tradition. The concept underscores the balance between local identity and universal communion within Orthodoxy.