atopische

Atopische is a Dutch adjective used in medical contexts to denote atopy. It describes conditions associated with an atopic tendency, a hereditary predisposition to develop IgE-mediated allergic diseases. In Dutch medical literature, terms such as atopische dermatitis (atopic dermatitis), atopische rhinitis, and atopische asthma refer to diseases that commonly occur together in people with atopy.

Atopy arises from genetic factors interacting with environmental exposures. A characteristic feature is an enhanced IgE response to common allergens and a dysfunction of the skin or mucosal barriers, often involving mutations in the FLG gene encoding filaggrin. This barrier dysfunction facilitates allergen penetration and sensitization.

Clinically, atopische dermatitis is the best-known manifestation, presenting with itchy, inflamed skin that often starts in early childhood. Atopy is described as an “atopic march,” a typical progression where dermatitis in infancy is followed by allergic rhinitis and then asthma in later childhood. Other atopische conditions include rhinitis and asthma, which reflect similar immunological predisposition.

Diagnosis relies on history of atopy and objective testing when indicated. Skin prick testing or serum specific IgE tests can identify sensitization to allergens. Total IgE levels may be elevated but are not specific.

Management focuses on skin barrier care and avoidance of triggers. Emollients are fundamental; topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors treat inflammation, and antihistamines may help itch. Severe disease may require systemic therapies, such as immunosuppressants or biologics (for example, dupilumab). Allergen immunotherapy may be considered for selected patients. Prognosis varies with age and disease extent; atopy tends to persist into adulthood in many individuals.