articulació

An articulació refers to the connection or junction between two or more bones in the skeletal system, allowing for movement and stability. These joints play a crucial role in the body’s mobility, enabling actions such as walking, speaking, and grasping objects. Articulacions can vary widely in structure and function, ranging from fixed (synarthrosis) to highly mobile (diarthrosis) types.

The primary types of articulacions include fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. Fibrous joints, such as those in the skull, are immovable and connected by dense connective tissue. Cartilaginous joints, found in areas like the spine, allow limited movement and are held together by cartilage. Synovial joints, the most common and flexible type, feature a fluid-filled cavity that facilitates smooth motion, as seen in the knee or shoulder.

The structure of an articulació typically involves bones covered by hyaline cartilage, a joint capsule, and, in synovial joints, a synovial membrane that secretes lubricating fluid. Ligaments and tendons surrounding the joint provide additional support and restrict excessive movement to prevent injury. Proper function of articulacions depends on balanced mechanical forces, nerve signals, and soft tissue integrity.

Common issues affecting articulacions include arthritis, dislocations, sprains, and degenerative conditions. These can result from trauma, overuse, aging, or underlying medical conditions. Treatment often involves physical therapy, medication, or surgical intervention to restore mobility and alleviate pain. Maintaining joint health through exercise, proper nutrition, and injury prevention is essential for long-term function.