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Arterial pressure, often referred to as blood pressure, is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of arteries. It is a critical physiological parameter that ensures adequate blood flow to all tissues and organs of the body. Arterial pressure is typically measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and consists of two main readings: systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.

Systolic pressure represents the peak pressure in the arteries during a heartbeat, occurring when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries. Diastolic pressure, on the other hand, is the minimum pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats, during its filling phase. The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is known as pulse pressure.

Normal arterial pressure varies depending on factors such as age, activity level, and overall health. However, generally, a reading of 120/80 mmHg is considered optimal. Deviations from this norm can indicate potential health issues. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a condition where arterial pressure is persistently elevated, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems. Low blood pressure, or hypotension, can lead to symptoms like dizziness and fainting, and may indicate underlying medical conditions.

Regular monitoring of arterial pressure is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health. Lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management can help regulate blood pressure. In some cases, medication may be prescribed by a healthcare professional to manage high blood pressure.