arteriakäämä

Arteriakäämä, also known as arterial plaque or atherosclerosis, is a condition where fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances build up inside arteries. This buildup, often referred to as plaque, can harden and narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow. The process typically begins in childhood and progresses over decades. Risk factors include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a family history of heart disease.

Symptoms of arteriakäämä are not usually apparent until significant narrowing or blockage occurs, leading to reduced blood supply to vital organs. Depending on the location of the affected artery, symptoms can include chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, leg pain during exercise (claudication), or even stroke. If a plaque ruptures, it can trigger a blood clot, leading to a heart attack or stroke.

Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, medical history, and tests such as blood tests to check cholesterol and blood sugar levels, electrocardiograms (ECG), stress tests, and imaging techniques like angiography. Treatment aims to slow or halt the progression of plaque buildup and manage risk factors. This may include lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, as well as medications to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and prevent blood clots. In some cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow.