approacheslaparoscopic
Approaches in laparoscopic surgery refer to the methods used to access the abdominal or pelvic cavity for minimally invasive procedures. The principal access categories are transperitoneal, retroperitoneal, and extraperitoneal approaches, each with specific indications, advantages, and limitations.
Transperitoneal laparoscopy enters the peritoneal cavity and generally provides a wide working space and familiar anatomy,
In groin hernia surgery, the transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) approaches illustrate different routes
Safety and outcomes depend on careful patient selection, surgeon experience, and readiness to convert to open