antireplay
Antireplay, or anti-replay protection, refers to techniques that prevent an adversary from retransmitting valid messages or packets in order to deceive a recipient, reuse credentials, or disrupt a communication session. Replay attacks can exploit captured traffic to produce unauthorized actions or to overwhelm a system with duplicates. Antireplay mechanisms bind messages to unique, verifiable values so that each transmission can be accepted only once.
In practice, antireplay relies on a combination of nonces, timestamps, and sequence numbers, often cryptographically tied
Different domains implement antireplay in protocol-specific ways. IPsec uses a per-connection anti-replay mechanism with a sliding
Challenges include handling legitimate packet reordering, clock synchronization requirements, and the tradeoff between window size, memory