antimilitarist

Antimilitarism is a political and social stance that opposes the central role of military power in national and international affairs. It critiques both war and the institutions that prepare for and wage it, including standing armies, conscription, and defense budgets. While related to pacifism, antimilitarism emphasizes the systemic influence of the military complex on policy and society and may advocate for demilitarization and nonviolent conflict resolution alongside reductions in armaments.

Historically, antimilitarist thought has roots in 19th-century socialist and anarchist currents that linked national militarism to capitalist development. It gained prominence in interwar periods, anti-imperialist struggles, and decolonization movements, often opposing imperial wars and arms races. In the postwar era, antimilitarist ideas persisted within peace movements, disarmament campaigns, and transnational networks that connect anti-war activism with broader social justice goals.

Practices and aims typically include anti-war mobilizations, advocacy for arms control and reallocation of budget resources from defense to civilian needs, resistance to conscription, and the promotion of diplomacy and peaceful conflict resolution. Some strains advocate complete withdrawal from military systems, while others pursue gradual policy reforms toward reduced militarism and increased civilian security.

Critics contend that antimilitarism can be seen as undermining national security or leaving states undefended in a dangerous world, arguing that some threats require deterrence or military capability. Proponents respond that militarism often fuels violence and that nonviolent security approaches, diplomacy, and international cooperation can enhance safety without relying on aggressive military power.

Notable proponents come from diverse currents within socialist, anarchist, feminist, and anti-imperialist movements, including figures such as Jean Jaurès, Rosa Luxemburg, Bertrand Russell, and Noam Chomsky.