Luxemburg

Luxemburg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small landlocked country in Western Europe. Its capital and largest city is Luxembourg City. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Covering about 2,586 square kilometers, Luxemburg has a population of around 645,000 (2023). The landscape features rolling valleys in the Gutland and the forested Oesling in the north; the Moselle River marks part of the eastern border.

Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy headed by the Grand Duke, with a parliamentary system. The government is led by a prime minister and a multi-party cabinet. The legislature is the Chamber of Deputies, which has 60 members. The country uses three official languages: Luxembourgish (national language), French, and German, with multilingual administration and schooling common.

Luxembourg is a high-income economy with a strong services sector, particularly finance and investment funds. It hosts several European Union institutions, including the Court of Justice and the European Investment Bank, and is a founding member of the EU, the eurozone, and the Schengen Area. The City of Luxembourg is a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its fortress history and dramatic river valleys.

Luxembourg has a diverse cultural scene and a high standard of living. It faced a major German occupation during World War II and later contributed to European integration and international finance.