antiinflammatoire

An antiinflammatoire, in French usage, is a substance that reduces inflammation, a biological response to injury or infection marked by redness, heat, swelling, pain and sometimes loss of function. Anti-inflammatory agents are used to relieve pain and swelling in conditions such as arthritis, injuries, autoimmune diseases, and to control fever.

The best-known class comprises nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin and diclofenac. They inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and/or COX-2), lowering prostaglandin production and reducing inflammation. NSAIDs are effective for mild to moderate pain but may cause stomach irritation, ulcers, kidney effects and, with long-term use, cardiovascular risk; they are often taken with food and under medical guidance.

Corticosteroids such as prednisone and dexamethasone are potent anti-inflammatories that suppress many parts of the immune response. They provide rapid control of severe inflammation but have important side effects with long-term use, including osteoporosis, hyperglycemia and infection risk. Other options include disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate and biologics that target specific immune pathways; these aim to modify disease progression but require monitoring for infections and other adverse effects.

Acetaminophen is a pain reliever with limited anti-inflammatory action, and is not typically classified as an anti-inflammatory. The choice of agent depends on the condition, patient factors, and potential drug interactions. Proper use and medical supervision are advised, particularly for vulnerable groups such as children, pregnant individuals, and those with kidney, liver or cardiovascular disease.