antihero

An antihero is a central character in a story who lacks the traditional attributes of a heroic figure, such as courage, nobility, or altruism. Instead, they are defined by moral ambiguity, complexity, and a focus on personal motives rather than public virtue.

Characteristics of antiheroes often include cynicism, pragmatism, self interest, or a willingness to bend rules and employ questionable means to achieve their goals. They may exhibit competence and resilience, but their methods and ethics are not aligned with conventional heroism. Their flaws are typically more central to the narrative than virtuous qualities, and their actions can blur the line between right and wrong. This ambiguity invites readers or viewers to question what constitutes justice, loyalty, or worth.

Historically, the term arose in early 20th-century literature and became associated with modernist and noir fiction. In contemporary storytelling, antiheroes appear in novels, films, and television, and the category often overlaps with labels such as flawed hero, reluctant hero, or Byronic hero. They are frequently contrasted with clear-cut villains and with traditional protagonists who embody openly admirable virtues.

Examples commonly discussed across media include literary figures such as Meursault from The Stranger and Holden Caulfield from The Catcher in the Rye, as well as Tyrion Lannister in A Song of Ice and Fire. On screen, Walter White from Breaking Bad, Don Draper from Mad Men, and Tony Soprano from The Sopranos are frequently described as antiheroes. The Punisher is cited as a vigilante antihero in comics and film.

The antihero remains a flexible, widely used category that reflects shifts in audience expectations and serves to explore the moral complexity of modern life.