animácii

Animácia is the process of creating the illusion of movement by displaying a sequence of images, frames, or photographs. It encompasses a range of techniques, including traditional 2D hand-drawn animation, 3D computer-generated imagery (CGI), stop-motion, and hybrid approaches that combine elements of multiple methods.

2D animation involves drawing or generating frames that are then shown in rapid succession to convey motion. 3D animation uses digital models that are rigged, textured, lit, and animated to produce lifelike or stylized movement. Stop-motion animation records physical objects, models, or puppets one frame at a time, often with meticulous lighting and camera work to achieve motion. Techniques such as rotoscoping and motion capture can supplement these methods to achieve specific visual effects or to translate real performances into animation.

Historically, animation emerged from optical toys and early cinema experiments in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The mid-20th century saw the rise of major animation studios and feature-length works, while the late 20th and early 21st centuries brought advances in computer graphics, digital compositing, and real-time rendering, expanding the scope and accessibility of the medium.

Applications of animation span feature and short films, television programs, advertising, video games, educational content, and increasingly virtual reality and web media. The production pipeline typically includes concept development, storyboarding, creating an animatic, modeling and rigging (for 3D), animation and keyframing, lighting and shading, rendering, and compositing in post-production.

Key considerations in animation include visual style, pacing and timing, narrative clarity, target audience, and practical constraints such as budget and schedule.