keyframing

Keyframing is a foundational technique in animation and video production in which an artist stores specific values for an object’s properties at chosen points in time, such as position, rotation, scale, opacity, or camera parameters. The software interpolates the values for all frames between keyframes to create motion or transitions. A sequence of keyframes on a timeline defines the desired poses or states, while the frames in between are generated automatically, a process known as tweening or interpolation.

Interpolation methods vary. Linear interpolation preserves constant speed between keyframes, while easing curves (ease-in, ease-out) provide acceleration and deceleration for more natural motion. More advanced tools use Bezier or spline-based curves to shape the interpolation, allowing fine control over pacing via handles or tangents.

Keyframing is used in two- and three-dimensional animation, motion graphics, and visual effects, and is supported by most animation and compositing packages such as After Effects, Blender, Maya, and Final Cut Pro. Typical workflows involve setting keyframes at important moments, adjusting properties, and refining timing with the graph or curve editor to shape motion.

Compared with frame-by-frame animation, keyframing offers speed, non-destructive editing, and easy iteration. Its main challenges include achieving believable motion through proper timing, spacing, and easing, and avoiding overuse or robotic movements without naturality.