anfetamina

Anfetamina, known in English as amphetamine, is a synthetic stimulant of the phenethylamine class. It acts primarily by increasing the release and blocking the reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, producing increased alertness, focus, and energy. The effects vary with dose and formulation and can be followed by fatigue as the drug wears off.

Medical use: It is prescribed under strict supervision for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, and has been used in the past for weight management. It is available in various salt forms, commonly as amphetamine salts and prodrugs like lisdexamfetamine; onset is typically within 30–60 minutes with effects lasting several hours.

Risks and side effects: Nonmedical use carries a high risk of dependence and withdrawal. Adverse effects include increased heart rate and blood pressure, anxiety, insomnia, and risk of agitation or psychosis at high doses. Long-term use may contribute to cardiovascular problems, sleep disturbances, dental issues, and mood or cognitive changes. It can pose risks during pregnancy and can interact with other medications.

Legal status and safety: In many countries, anfetamina/amphetamine is a controlled substance with medical use restricted to prescription and clinical supervision. Illicit possession, distribution, or manufacturing is illegal and subject to penalties. Misuse and unsafe administration can lead to serious health consequences.

Related substances: Amphetamine is part of a broader stimulant family that includes methylphenidate and, in a related but distinct category, methamphetamine, each with its own therapeutic profile and risk factors.