analgéziás

Analgésicos are substances that relieve pain. They work by blocking pain signals from reaching the brain or by reducing inflammation that contributes to pain. Analgesics can be broadly categorized into non-opioid and opioid types.

Non-opioid analgesics include over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen (paracetamol) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and aspirin. Acetaminophen is effective for mild to moderate pain and fever but does not have significant anti-inflammatory properties. NSAIDs, on the other hand, reduce pain, fever, and inflammation. They are commonly used for conditions like headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, and menstrual cramps. However, NSAIDs can cause side effects, particularly gastrointestinal issues like stomach ulcers and bleeding, and can affect kidney function.

Opioid analgesics are typically prescription medications derived from opium or synthesized to mimic its effects. Examples include morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and fentanyl. Opioids bind to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, effectively reducing the perception of pain. They are very effective for severe pain, such as that experienced after surgery or from serious injuries. Due to their potent effects and potential for dependence and addiction, opioid analgesics are used with caution and under strict medical supervision. Common side effects include drowsiness, constipation, nausea, and respiratory depression. The use of opioids is carefully managed to balance pain relief with the risks of side effects and addiction.