alphaasarone

Alpha-asarone is a natural organic compound classified as a phenylpropanoid ether. It is one of the two isomeric forms known as asarones, together with beta-asarone, and they share a methylenedioxyphenylpropene skeleton. The difference between the alpha and beta forms lies in the geometry of the propenyl side chain, giving rise to distinct isomers.

Alpha-asarone is most notably a major constituent of the essential oil of Acorus calamus (sweet flag), where it can occur in substantial amounts alongside beta-asarone. It may also be present in smaller amounts in related plant species. The compound contributes to the characteristic fragrance of these essential oils and has historically been explored for use in perfumery and flavor applications. Due to safety concerns, its use in modern consumer products is often tempered or avoided.

Safety and regulation are the principal reasons for caution. Both alpha- and beta-asarone have demonstrated biological activity in laboratory studies, and beta-asarone has been implicated as potentially carcinogenic in animals. Regulatory agencies in some jurisdictions restrict or ban the use of products containing high levels of asarones, particularly in ingestible or cosmetic products. As a result, many suppliers and manufacturers monitor asarone content in essential oils and related preparations.

Analytically, alpha-asarone is typically identified and quantified in plant extracts by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or related chromatographic methods. It remains a compound of interest in natural product chemistry due to its occurrence in essential oils and its regulatory significance rather than widespread therapeutic use.