alcoolisme
Alcoholisme, or alcoholism, is a disorder defined by an unhealthy pattern of alcohol use that leads to harm or impairment. In contemporary terms this is referred to as Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), a spectrum condition rather than a single illness. The DSM-5 describes AUD as meeting at least two of eleven criteria within a 12-month period. Criteria include cravings, unsuccessful efforts to cut down, spending excessive time drinking, continuing despite problems, neglecting duties, using in physically dangerous situations, tolerance, withdrawal, and giving up other activities. Severity is mild (2–3 criteria), moderate (4–5), or severe (6+).
Causes and risk factors include genetic predisposition, family history of alcohol problems, early exposure to alcohol,
Health effects of long-term heavy drinking are extensive. They include liver diseases (steatosis, hepatitis, cirrhosis), pancreatitis,
Treatment approaches vary by severity and individual need. They commonly involve professional assessment, medical detoxification if
Public health strategies emphasize screening in primary care, brief interventions, education, and policies that reduce availability