airbrush

An airbrush is a small, air-operated tool that sprays liquids by mixing them with compressed air to produce a fine aerosol. It consists of a nozzle, a needle, and a reservoir or cup that holds the paint or pigment. When connected to a regulated air supply, the device enables precise, controlled atomization.

Air is delivered through the body of the tool and flows around the needle, thinning the liquid as it exits the nozzle. The spray pattern and volume are controlled by needle movement and by adjusting the trigger. Some designs use gravity-feed cups on top; others use siphon-feed bottles below the body. Air pressure, typically measured in psi, also influences atomization and pattern size.

The concept emerged in the late 19th century, with improvements in the 20th century that led to contemporary models. Manufacturers such as Paasche, Badger, Iwata, and Harder & Steenbeck advanced the design, producing units used in art, cosmetics, automotive finishing, and hobby modeling. Both single-action and double-action variants are common, offering different levels of control.

Common applications include illustration and fine art, scale modeling and hobby painting, automotive and custom coatings, and makeup or body painting. They can spray water-based inks, acrylics, lacquers, and even edible coatings with appropriate equipment and safety measures.

Maintenance emphasizes cleaning after use with appropriate solvents and water-based cleaners, purging air passages, and checking seals. Use regulated air pressure, a moisture trap, and a well-ventilated area to minimize fumes. Protective gear and proper storage extend the tool’s lifespan.