acneiform

Acneiform refers to skin eruptions that resemble acne. In clinical use, the term describes lesions that are primarily inflammatory papules and pustules, often occurring in sebaceous-gland–rich areas such as the face, chest, and back. Lesions may be monomorphic (similar in size) and may or may not include comedones. Acneiform is not a single disease but a descriptor used for a range of conditions in which acne-like papules and pustules predominate.

Common contexts for acneiform patterns include acne vulgaris, drug-induced eruptions, and inflammatory dermatoses. Drug-induced acneiform eruptions are notable and can accompany systemic corticosteroid use, androgens, lithium, iodides, and certain other medications. Targeted cancer therapies, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, frequently produce a papulopustular eruption described as acneiform. Hormonal fluctuations and other inflammatory processes can also produce acneiform appearances, sometimes mimicking true acne or rosacea.

Clinical features typically include uniform, red, inflamed papules and pustules in the absence or sparing of comedones. Distribution is often toward the face and upper trunk. Diagnosis relies on history (especially recent medication changes), physical examination, and consideration of other conditions that resemble acne, such as rosacea, folliculitis, or perioral dermatitis. Occasionally, biopsy may be used to clarify unclear cases.

Management focuses on addressing causality when possible. If a medication is implicated, adjustment or discontinuation under medical supervision is common. Standard acne therapies—topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, and non-irritating anti-inflammatory agents—may be used for symptom control. In inflammatory or drug-induced cases, systemic antibiotics or dose adjustments of culprit therapies may be required. Prognosis depends on the underlying cause and typically improves after resolving the triggering factor.