acetaminophenparacetamol

Acetaminophen, also called paracetamol, is a medication used to relieve pain and reduce fever. It is widely available as an over‑the‑counter product and is frequently included in multi‑ingredient cold and flu formulations. Compared with nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen has little to no anti‑inflammatory activity.

Its exact mechanism is not fully understood. It is believed to act centrally, reducing prostaglandin synthesis in the brain, which lowers fever and dampens pain perception without significant peripheral anti‑inflammatory effects.

It is available in oral forms (tablets, capsules, liquid suspensions), rectal suppositories, and intravenous formulations for hospital use. Dosing depends on age and weight. Adult maximum daily dose is typically 3,000 to 4,000 mg (3–4 g) depending on guidelines and liver function; lower limits apply to chronic use or concurrent liver disease. Pediatric dosing is weight‑based.

With normal use, it is generally safe. Serious liver injury can occur with overdose and with regular heavy alcohol use. Signs of overdose may be delayed. An acetylcysteine antidote is effective if given promptly. Long‑term high‑dose use can interact with warfarin and certain enzyme‑inducing drugs. Hypersensitivity and rare skin reactions can occur.

Globally, the drug is known as paracetamol in many countries and acetaminophen in the United States and Canada. It is commonly sold OTC in many forms and formulations, and is often included in combination products, requiring caution to avoid cumulative dosing. It is usually avoided in severe liver disease and during pregnancy, with medical advice.