accréditation

Accréditation is a formal recognition by an independent, authoritative body that a conformity assessment organization is competent to carry out specific tasks in accordance with defined standards. It is commonly applied to laboratories, inspection bodies, and certification bodies that perform testing, calibration, inspection, or certification activities. Accreditation does not certify a product or service itself; rather, it confirms the competence and impartiality of the organization that assesses those products or services.

An accreditation body evaluates the competence, impartiality, and consistency of conformity assessment bodies (CABs). CABs may include testing laboratories, calibration laboratories, inspection bodies, and certification bodies that certify management systems, products, or personnel. The scope of accreditation is defined for particular activities and types of products or services.

The typical process starts with an application and a review of the CAB’s management system and technical capabilities, followed by an on-site assessment by trained assessors. The CAB may need to demonstrate technical competence through proficiency testing, inter-laboratory comparisons, or case studies. If criteria are met, accreditation is granted for a defined scope and subject to periodic surveillance and reassessment to ensure ongoing conformity.

Internationally, accreditation is supported by recognition arrangements such as the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) and the International Accreditation Forum (IAF) Multilateral Recognition Arrangements (MRAs). These MRAs facilitate the acceptance of test reports and certificates across borders, promoting trade and regulatory alignment.

Key distinctions: accreditation attests to the CAB’s competence, not the product or service; certification and licensure are separate processes. Common standards include ISO/IEC 17025 for laboratories, ISO/IEC 17020 for inspection bodies, ISO/IEC 17065 for product certification bodies, and ISO 15189 for medical laboratories.