ZnSn

ZnSn is a chemical formula that can refer to zinc tin intermetallic compounds with a 1:1 zinc-to-tin ratio. In the Zn–Sn system, several binary intermetallics can form, and there is no single universally defined compound known simply as ZnSn. The exact structure and properties of ZnSn depend on how it is prepared, the temperature, and any additional alloying elements or phases present.

Crystal structure and properties: The ZnSn phase, as reported in the literature, has been observed in more than one crystal structure depending on synthesis conditions. Reported forms include cubic and orthorhombic variants. Intermetallic bonding in ZnSn tends to produce higher hardness and brittleness relative to the constituent metals, while electrical conductivity is typically metallic but varies with microstructure and temperature.

Synthesis and phase relations: ZnSn can form through direct alloying of zinc and tin at elevated temperatures, followed by cooling. In practical alloys, ZnSn may appear together with other Zn–Sn intermetallics such as Zn2Sn and Zn5Sn4, often within multiphase microstructures typical of solder, brazed joints, or zinc-rich alloys. The stability and prevalence of ZnSn depend on composition, cooling rate, and processing history.

Applications and research: ZnSn is primarily of interest as a model system for studying diffusion, intermetallic growth, and phase transformations in Zn–Sn alloys. It also informs solder technology and the design of zinc-rich materials. While not widely used as a standalone commercial material, ZnSn-related intermetallics contribute to the broader understanding of Zn–Sn metallurgy.

See also: Zinc–tin phase diagram, Zn2Sn, Zn5Sn4, intermetallic compound.