ZIS3

The ZIS-3, also spelled ZiS-3, is a Soviet 76.2 mm divisional field gun developed in the late 1930s and produced during World War II. It was designed to be lightweight, reliable, and suitable for mass production, providing infantry support and the capacity to counter light armor at close to medium ranges.

Development and design: The ZiS-3 arose from the Soviet emphasis on improving artillery output for the front-line army. It featured a split-trail carriage and a hydropneumatic recoil system, enabling a relatively high rate of fire for a gun of its size. The design prioritized simplicity and ease of manufacture to facilitate rapid deployment across units in wartime conditions. The gun fired standard 76.2 mm ammunition, including high-explosive and light armor-piercing types.

Service and usage: Entering service in the early 1940s, the ZiS-3 became a mainstay of Soviet divisional artillery on the Eastern Front and remained in use through the war. Its balance of firepower, mobilty, and production efficiency contributed to its widespread deployment in various theaters of operation. After World War II, the ZiS-3 continued to serve in the Soviet Army and was supplied to some allied forces, reflecting its role as a dependable workhorse of mid-20th-century artillery.

Specifications (typical): caliber 76.2 mm. Weight in firing position around three tons. Maximum range approximately 12–13 kilometers; effective engagement range for ground targets somewhat less. Rate of fire commonly in the order of 6–8 rounds per minute. Ammunition included high-explosive shells for ground targets and armor-piercing rounds for light armored threats.

Legacy: The ZiS-3 is recognized for its role in accelerating Soviet artillery production and for its contribution to mid-war and postwar artillery capabilities.