Zündzeitpunktung

Zündzeitpunktung, also known as ignition timing, refers to the precise moment at which an internal combustion engine’s spark plugs fire to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. Proper ignition timing is critical for optimal engine performance, efficiency, and emissions control. The timing is typically measured in degrees of crankshaft rotation before or after the piston reaches top dead center (TDC) on the compression stroke.

In gasoline engines, ignition timing is influenced by factors such as engine speed, load, air-fuel ratio, and engine temperature. Modern vehicles use electronic control units (ECUs) to adjust timing dynamically based on sensor inputs, such as those from the crankshaft position sensor, camshaft position sensor, and manifold absolute pressure sensor. This system, known as electronic ignition timing (EIT), replaces older mechanical distributors and points-based systems.

Incorrect ignition timing can lead to engine misfires, reduced power, increased fuel consumption, or excessive wear. Retarded timing (delaying ignition) can cause knocking due to premature combustion, while advanced timing (earlier ignition) may lead to detonation or overheating. Engine manufacturers specify optimal timing curves for different operating conditions, often represented in a timing diagram.

In high-performance or modified engines, ignition timing may be manually adjusted using tools like a timing light or by modifying the ECU map. Tuning ignition timing can enhance performance, particularly in forced-induction or high-compression engines, but requires careful calibration to avoid engine damage. Proper maintenance, including regular spark plug replacement and ignition system checks, ensures reliable operation.