Ylgranulaatio

Ylgranulaatio, known in English as hypergranulation tissue, is the formation of granulation tissue that rises above the level of the surrounding wound bed. It commonly occurs in cutaneous wounds, particularly those that remain moist or are chronically inflamed, and can impede epithelialization and wound closure.

It is associated with a moist wound environment, infection or colonization, mechanical irritation, repetitive trauma, and occasionally dressings that maintain excessive moisture. It may occur in venous ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, burns, and postoperative wounds. Underlying factors such as venous insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, or poor wound bed preparation can contribute.

Diagnosis is clinical, based on observation of raised, friable tissue forming a mound above the adjacent skin. It must be distinguished from malignant lesions or other proliferative conditions. Management includes reducing moisture, debridement to remove excess tissue (sharp debridement or curettage), cauterization with silver nitrate for small lesions, and switching to dressings that balance moisture and dryness. Addressing infection, optimizing perfusion, and treating underlying conditions are essential. In some cases, topical corticosteroids or silicone dressings may help reduce granulation tissue, but should be used cautiously if infection is present.

With appropriate wound care and management of underlying factors, hypergranulation tissue typically diminishes as the wound progresses toward closure, though recurrence can occur if moisture and inflammation persist.