Yleiskirurgia

Yleiskirurgia, or general surgery, is a surgical specialty that covers a broad range of conditions affecting the abdominal organs, soft tissues, and certain endocrine and breast diseases. General surgeons often manage both elective and emergency cases, from planned operations to acute presentations such as appendicitis or perforated ulcers. In many health systems they act as first-line surgical providers in hospitals, coordinating multidisciplinary care with other specialists, radiologists, and anesthesiologists.

Common areas and procedures within yleiskirurgia include the treatment of diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract, hernias, the stomach and intestines, the liver, pancreas, and spleen, as well as various endocrine and breast conditions. Typical procedures range from cholecystectomy, appendectomy, and hernia repair to bowel resection, colectomy, stomach procedures, and certain endocrine operations such as thyroid or parathyroid surgery. Many general surgeons also perform breast procedures, skin and soft tissue surgeries, and initial cancer resections, depending on local practice and training.

Techniques used by yleiskirurgia have evolved to emphasize minimally invasive approaches whenever feasible. Laparoscopic and, in some centers, robotic-assisted techniques are common for many operations. Perioperative care has shifted toward enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, aiming to reduce hospital stays and improve outcomes. General surgeons also focus on preoperative assessment, postoperative care, and follow-up, ensuring evidence-based and patient-centered treatment.

Training and practice typically involve a medical degree followed by a residency in general surgery, with optional subspecialty fellowships in areas such as colorectal, hepatobiliary, or surgical oncology. Collaboration within multidisciplinary teams and adherence to clinical guidelines are central to the specialty.