Xylocopinae

Xylocopinae is a subfamily of bees within the Apidae family, commonly known as carpenter bees or small carpenter bees. These insects are characterized by their robust bodies and are distributed across various regions worldwide. Many species within this subfamily exhibit nesting behaviors that involve excavating tunnels in wood, which has earned them their common name. Xylocopinae includes several tribes, such as Xylocopini, Allodapini, Ceratinini, and Manueliini, each with distinct characteristics and behaviors.

These bees play a significant ecological role as pollinators for numerous plant species. While some members of Xylocopinae are solitary, others display communal or even primitively social behaviors, which is an interesting aspect of their social evolution. They are typically larger than many other bee species and often display metallic or dark coloration. Females usually possess strong mandibles that enable them to bore into wood for nesting purposes. Despite their ability to cause structural damage to wooden buildings, these bees contribute positively to ecosystems through pollination and are an important component of biodiversity in many habitats.