Xanthogaster

Xanthogaster is a genus of birds in the family Thraupidae, commonly known as tanagers. The name "xanthogaster" is derived from the Greek words "xanthos," meaning yellow, and "gaster," meaning belly, referring to the yellow belly of some species. The genus includes 12 species, found primarily in the Neotropics, with a few extending into Central America.

The birds in this genus are typically small to medium-sized, with vibrant plumage. They are known for their distinctive yellow bellies, which are often surrounded by black or dark brown feathers. The species vary in coloration, with some having bright red or orange feathers on their wings and backs, while others have more subdued tones.

Xanthogaster species are generally found in a variety of habitats, including forests, scrublands, and grasslands. They are often seen in pairs or small groups, and their diet consists mainly of fruits, seeds, and insects. Some species are known to be territorial and will defend their feeding grounds from other birds.

The genus was first described by the French naturalist René-Primevère Lesson in 1831. The type species is the yellow-bellied tanager (Xanthogaster flavigula). The genus is monotypic, meaning it contains only one species, the yellow-bellied tanager. However, some authorities recognize up to 12 species within the genus.

Xanthogaster species are not currently considered to be threatened, but habitat loss and degradation pose potential risks to their populations. Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect their habitats and ensure the survival of these vibrant birds.