Webmail

Webmail is an email service accessed through a web browser, allowing users to read, compose, and manage messages without installing client software. It relies on a server-side mail system and a browser-based interface. Most providers offer it as a consumer service or enterprise solution, examples being Gmail, Outlook.com, Yahoo Mail, and corporate portals.

A webmail system typically uses SMTP for sending mail and IMAP or POP3 for retrieval. The web application runs on a web server and communicates with mail servers, delivering messages to the user interface. Authentication is required, and sessions are maintained via cookies or tokens. Some implementations add offline caching or progressive web app features.

Common features include mail composition, folders or labels, search, filters, spam protection, attachments, and contact management. Many also integrate calendars, task lists, and note-taking. Accessibility is device-agnostic, since any compatible browser can access the service.

Webmail originated in the 1990s with services like Hotmail and Yahoo Mail and evolved through AJAX-driven interfaces and mobile-friendly designs. In enterprises, webmail often runs on platforms such as Microsoft Exchange, Zimbra, or open-source solutions, providing centralized administration and security controls.

Security considerations include the use of TLS for transport, support for authentication standards such as OAuth, and optional end-to-end encryption. Users should beware phishing, session hijacking, and cross-site scripting. The advantages of webmail include ease of access and centralized management; limitations include network dependence and potential privacy concerns on shared devices.