WRKYlike

WRKYlike refers to a subset of transcription factors that bear a WRKY DNA-binding domain closely related to the canonical WRKY transcription factors. The defining feature is the WRKY domain, about 60 amino acids in length, containing the highly conserved WRKYGQK sequence, followed by a zinc-finger motif of either C2H2 (C–X4–5–C–X22–23–H–X1–H) or C2HC type. In genome annotations, these proteins are often labeled as WRKY-like or WRKY-LIKE to indicate similarity to WRKY proteins but with potential divergence or incomplete canonical features.

The WRKY domain is typically located at the N-terminus and is responsible for sequence-specific DNA binding to W-box elements (TTGAC(C/T)) in target promoters, though binding specificity can vary among family members. WRKYlike proteins are mainly studied within plants, where the WRKY superfamily plays a central role in defense signaling, development, and regulation of secondary metabolism. Expression of WRKYlike genes can be induced by pathogen attack, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abiotic stresses, with functions often associated with defense gene networks or growth regulation. They frequently interact with other transcription factors, contributing to complex regulatory modules.

Evolutionarily, WRKYlike proteins arise through duplication and diversification within the broader WRKY family, with some lineages showing expansions or products with divergent or partially conserved motifs. In non-plant species, WRKY-like motifs are reported less commonly and are often interpreted with caution due to potential annotation artifacts or domain fragmentation.