Vízsugárvágás

Vízsugárvágás is a cutting process that uses a high‑pressure stream of water mixed with abrasives to cut through a wide variety of materials. The water, typically pressurized between 600 bar (87 041 psi) and 4 000 bar (57 864 psi), is directed through a small nozzle, forming a jet that can reach several centimeters in diameter. When an abrasive such as garnet is added, the jet becomes capable of cutting harder materials such as metal, stone, glass, rubber and composites with comparable precision to conventional machining while leaving the workpiece free of heat‑affected zones.

The equipment comprises a source of pressurized water, an abrasive supply system, control electronics and a cutter head that can be mounted on a CNC table or a robotic arm. The speed of the cut depends on the material thickness, the pressure and the abrasive concentration, with typical cutting rates ranging from a few millimetres per minute for steel to several centimetres per minute for softer materials.

Advantages of waterjet cutting include the absence of mechanical cutting forces, the ability to cut intricate geometries and very thick plates, and a low environmental impact because the water can be recycled. Drawbacks include relatively high operating costs, the need for abrasive disposal, and lower cutting speeds compared to laser or plasma technologies for certain applications. Vízsugárvágás is widely used in aerospace, automotive, construction, and decorative industries, where precision and material integrity are essential.