Vêtement

Vêtement is the French term for any item of clothing worn to cover the body. It encompasses garments designed for protection, privacy, social signaling, and practical or aesthetic purposes, including shirts, trousers, skirts, dresses, coats, underwear, footwear, and accessories. In fashion discourse, vêtements are categorized by type, function, material, and cultural context.

The word derives from Old French vêtement, from Latin veste, related to the English vestment. In French usage, it has long been the general term for clothing, with more specific terms used for particular categories or styles.

Classification of vêtements is typically by type (tops, bottoms, outerwear, underwear, dresses), by purpose (casual, formal, sportswear), by material (cotton, wool, silk, synthetic fibers), and by construct (tailored, ready-to-wear, or handmade). Materials vary according to climate, tradition, and technology, and garments can be designed for durability, comfort, or fashion.

History shows clothing evolving from basic coverings in prehistoric times to woven textiles in ancient civilizations. In medieval and early modern Europe, garments signified status and function. The modern clothing industry emerged with industrialization, standardized sizing, and machine production, followed by globalization and rapid fashion cycles in the late 20th and 21st centuries.

Industry and production involve design, pattern making, sewing, and finishing, with supply chains spanning textiles, components, and retail. Major markets include Europe, North America, and Asia. The system has increasingly faced concerns about labor practices and environmental impact, contributing to shifts toward sustainability, ethical sourcing, and circular approaches.

Culturally, dress codes, uniforms, religious or ceremonial garments, and personal expression all intersect with vêtements. Care and maintenance—appropriate washing, storage, and repair—extend garment life and influence overall sustainability.