Värvusvigu

Värvusvigu, often translated as color defects or color vision deficiencies, refers to a range of conditions where an individual's ability to perceive colors is altered. The most common form is red-green color blindness, where distinguishing between red and green hues is difficult. This is typically caused by a genetic mutation on the X chromosome, making it more prevalent in males. Other, less common types include blue-yellow color blindness and achromatopsia, a rare condition where the individual sees the world in shades of gray.

These deficiencies are usually congenital, meaning they are present from birth, and are not curable. They arise from abnormalities in the cone cells within the retina, which are responsible for color vision. The specific type and severity of the color defect depend on which cone cells are affected and to what extent. Acquired color vision defects can also occur due to factors such as aging, certain diseases (like diabetes or glaucoma), or exposure to specific medications or toxins.

While not a medical emergency, color vision deficiencies can impact daily life, affecting tasks such as choosing ripe fruit, interpreting traffic lights, or succeeding in careers that require precise color discrimination. Diagnostic tests, such as the Ishihara plates, are used to identify and classify these vision impairments. Management focuses on adapting to the condition and utilizing assistive tools or strategies.