Voolupeegurite

Voolupeegurite, also known as current mirrors, are fundamental analog integrated circuits used to replicate a current from one part of a circuit to another. Their primary function is to create a copy of a current with high fidelity, often with a specific scaling factor. This is achieved by using transistors, typically BJTs or MOSFETs, biased in a way that their collector or drain currents are forced to be equal or proportional.

The basic structure of a voolupeegur involves at least two transistors. In a simple BJT current mirror, two matched transistors are used. One transistor is driven by the input current, and its base-emitter voltage is then applied to the second, identical transistor. This forces the second transistor to conduct a current that is approximately equal to the input current. MOSFET-based voolupeegurite operate on similar principles, utilizing the relationship between gate-source voltage and drain current.

Voolupeegurite are essential components in many analog circuits, including operational amplifiers, voltage regulators, and active loads. They allow for the creation of constant current sources and sinks, which are vital for biasing other active devices and ensuring stable circuit operation. Variations of the basic voolupeegur exist, such as the Wilson current mirror and the cascode current mirror, which offer improved performance in terms of output impedance and accuracy. The performance of a voolupeegur is often characterized by its current transfer ratio and output impedance.