Voitelukalvo

Voitelukalvo is the thin layer of lubricant that forms between two moving surfaces in mechanical systems. Its primary function is to reduce friction, transmit load, and prevent direct metal-to-metal contact, thereby reducing wear and heat. The film is typically composed of oil or grease, but solid lubricants such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide can also contribute, especially at high temperature or in vacuum.

The thickness and behavior of the film depend on operating conditions, lubricant properties, and surface geometry. In hydrodynamic lubrication, the film can range from tens to hundreds of micrometers when surfaces are fully wetted by the lubricant. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication, which occurs at high pressures, often produces thinner films on the order of one to a few micrometers, with significant surface deformation. Boundary and mixed lubrication involve films only a few nanometers to tens of nanometers, with additives and adsorbed films aiding friction reduction.

Lubricants used include mineral oils, synthetic oils, and greases; additives such as anti-wear agents, boundary film formers, and viscosity modifiers are common. The viscosity and temperature range of the system influence film thickness and stability. Contaminants and shock loads raise the risk of film breakdown and wear.

Voitelukalvo is a central concept in tribology, the study of friction and lubrication. In industrial design, the choice of lubricant and operating conditions aims to maximize efficiency, reliability, and service life.