Vitenskapen

Vitenskapen, or science in Norwegian, refers to the systematic pursuit of knowledge about the natural world and human society. It relies on observation, measurement, and reasoning to develop testable explanations and predictions. Scientific ideas are provisional and subject to revision in light of new evidence.

Its methods include forming hypotheses, designing experiments or studies, collecting data, and subjecting findings to scrutiny through peer review and replication. The goal is not merely to accumulate facts but to build coherent theories that can explain phenomena and guide further inquiry.

Historically, science emerged from ancient philosophy and practical craft, and evolved dramatically during the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Since then, methodological advances and technological tools have expanded the reach of science across disciplines.

Branches of science are commonly grouped into natural sciences (for example physics, chemistry, biology), social sciences (psychology, sociology, economics), and formal sciences (mathematics, logic). Applied sciences translate theories into technologies, policies, or medical treatments.

Science impacts society through innovations, evidence-based decision making, and cultural understanding, but it faces challenges such as bias, ethical concerns, and the reproducibility crisis. Open communication and international collaboration are essential to address these issues.

Education and institutions—universities, research centers, journals—support scientific activity. Citizens engage with science through media, public lectures, and science literacy initiatives, contributing to informed debate about technology, health, and the environment.