Vitaminmineral

Vitaminmineral is a broad, coined umbrella term used to describe the essential micronutrients required in small amounts for normal body function, encompassing both vitamins (organic compounds) and minerals (inorganic elements). Humans cannot synthesize most of these nutrients in sufficient quantities, so they must be consumed through diet or supplements. In nutrition literature, vitaminmineral status is often assessed through dietary intake and biomarkers.

Functions of vitaminmineral nutrients include serving as cofactors in metabolic reactions, participating in energy production, helping to remove free radicals, supporting growth and development, and maintaining bone, blood, and immune system health. Some act as hormones or enzyme regulators, and many have interconnected roles, where intake of one nutrient affects the absorption or utilization of another.

Sources vary: vitamins come from fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy, meat, and fortified foods; minerals come from dairy, leafy greens, meat, seafood, grains, and mineral-fortified products. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) require dietary fat for absorption; water-soluble vitamins (C and B-complex) are generally excreted more readily. Mineral absorption can be influenced by phytates, oxalates, fiber, and other minerals.

Deficiency of any vitaminmineral can impair health, with symptoms depending on the nutrient (for example, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin D deficiency leading to bone issues). Excess intake, especially from supplements, can cause toxicity (e.g., fat-soluble vitamin buildup or mineral excess).

Guidelines for intake are provided by health authorities as RDAs or AIs, with variation by age, sex, and life stage. Balanced, varied diets typically support adequate vitaminmineral status, while supplementation may be advised for certain groups under professional guidance.