Vinylchlorid

Vinyl chloride, also known as vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), is an organochlorine compound with the formula C2H3Cl. It is primarily used as the feedstock for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In pure form it is a colorless, highly volatile gas at room temperature and it readily polymerizes to form PVC under heat or with radical initiators. To facilitate handling, it is stored and transported under controlled conditions and often stabilized to prevent premature polymerization.

The main industrial route to vinyl chloride converts ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane) to vinyl chloride by thermal dehydrochlorination, producing hydrogen chloride as a byproduct. A historical route involved hydrochlorination of acetylene. After purification, stabilizers and inhibitors are used to maintain material integrity during storage and processing.

Vinyl chloride is almost exclusively used as the monomer for producing polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a widely used plastic. PVC is found in piping, profiles for windows and doors, electrical cables, flooring, and many packaging materials. The properties of PVC depend on the polymerization process and the additives used, which tailor flexibility, hardness, and durability.

Safety and regulation: Vinyl chloride is a known human carcinogen (IARC Group 1) with established risks for liver cancer (angiosarcoma) and other health effects from occupational exposure. It is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. Handling requires ventilation, containment, and adherence to regulatory exposure limits. Environmental releases are subject to controls to limit emissions and off-gassing during production and polymerization.