Viilud

Viilud are the plural form of viil, the Estonian word for a hand file, a tool used to remove small amounts of material and to shape and smooth surfaces on metal or wood. A viil typically has a hardened steel body with a textured filing surface and a handle to improve grip. Viilud are used by drawing the tool across the workpiece with steady pressure to shape edges, deburr, and refine contours or fits.

The tool comes in various forms and tooth patterns, suited to different materials and finishes. In practice, users choose the coarseness of the filing surface to control material removal: coarser files remove material quickly, finer files produce a smoother finish. For more precise work, it is common to employ a sequence of viilud, starting with a rough file and finishing with a fine one. Viilud are employed in both metalworking and woodworking contexts, including deburring holes, fitting joints, enlarging openings, and smoothing joints or surfaces before assembly.

Maintenance and safety are important when using viilud. Keep the teeth clean and free of debris, store the files dry, and apply light oil to prevent rust if they will not be used for an extended period. When filing, hold the tool with controlled, even strokes to avoid creating gouges and to protect the workpiece.

Etymology and usage notes: viil is a native Estonian word, and viilud simply denotes its plural. Related verbal forms include viilima (to file) and viilimine (filing), which describe the activity and process surrounding the use of these tools. Viilud are common among workshop vocabulary and are widely available through hardware and tool suppliers.