coarseness

Coarseness refers to the quality or condition of being coarse—the opposite of fine. It can describe physical texture, particle size, or level of refinement in various contexts. The term derives from the word coarse, which in turn traces to Latin grossus.

In materials and surfaces, coarseness denotes roughness or large-scale irregularities on a material’s exterior. Roughness is often quantified by surface parameters (for example, roughness average Ra) and influences wear, friction, adhesion, and tactile perception. In geology and materials science, coarseness describes particle size distribution: soils and aggregates may be described as fine or coarse depending on average grain size or specific grading curves. In powders and grains, coarse materials have larger particles and lower surface area per unit mass.

In textiles and food, coarseness relates to the size and feel of fibers or particles. A coarse fabric has a rough texture to the touch; coarse-ground foods have larger granules and more pronounced crunch or grit.

In language and behavior, coarseness denotes a lack of refinement, such as coarse language or coarse manners. Such usage signals roughness or vulgarity and may be considered inappropriate in formal settings.

Coarseness differs from fineness; refinements can be made through processes that smooth, grind, or sift to achieve a finer texture or distribution. In processes such as grinding, finishing, or milling, adjusting coarseness affects aesthetics, performance, and usability.