Vibrationsreduktion

Vibrationsreduktion, or vibration reduction, is the intentional reduction of unwanted mechanical vibrations and their transmission through structures and equipment. The goal is to limit dynamic stresses, reduce noise, protect sensitive components, and improve user comfort and reliability.

Passive methods include isolation mounts, springs, dampers, viscoelastic materials, and tuned mass dampers that absorb energy or shift the natural frequencies of a system. Active methods use sensors to detect vibration and actuators to counteract it, guided by control algorithms; hybrid approaches combine both strategies. Design choices depend on the target frequency range, environmental conditions, and weight or cost constraints.

Applications span machinery foundations, aerospace, automotive systems, and civil engineering. In industry, vibration reduction helps protect measuring equipment, precision machines, and rotating machinery. In buildings, base isolation and seismic dampers reduce vibration transmission during earthquakes or wind loads. In vehicles, engine and drivetrain mounts, suspension tuning, and interior damping reduce noise and vibration felt by occupants.

Measurement and design rely on metrics such as transmissibility, peak acceleration, or vibration velocity, often expressed as a function of frequency. Testing uses shakers and accelerometers, complemented by numerical modeling and finite element analysis. Standards and guidelines from ISO and other bodies provide methods for measurement, specification, and validation of vibro-acoustic performance.

Benefits include longer component life, quieter operation, improved accuracy, and enhanced safety and comfort. Limitations involve added mass, cost, maintenance, and potential performance trade-offs, making early integration into the design process essential.