Ventrikulaarsetel

Ventrikulaarsetel, also known as ventricular septal defect (VSD) in English, refers to a congenital heart defect where there is an abnormal opening in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart. This condition allows oxygen-rich blood to flow from the left ventricle into the right ventricle, disrupting normal blood flow through the heart and lungs.

Ventrikulaarsetel is one of the most common types of congenital heart defects, accounting for roughly 20% of all cases. The severity of symptoms varies widely depending on the size and location of the defect. Small defects may not cause noticeable symptoms and may close on their own without treatment. Larger defects, however, can lead to significant complications, including heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or infections such as endocarditis.

Diagnosis typically begins with a physical examination, where a healthcare provider may hear a murmur caused by the abnormal blood flow. Further evaluation often involves imaging techniques such as echocardiography, which uses ultrasound waves to create detailed images of the heart. Other tests, such as a chest X-ray or cardiac catheterization, may also be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the defect.

Treatment options depend on the size and symptoms of the defect. Small defects may not require intervention, while larger or symptomatic defects often necessitate surgical repair. Surgical closure involves patching the hole in the ventricular septum to restore normal blood flow. In some cases, a catheter-based procedure called device closure may be used as a less invasive alternative.

Prognosis for individuals with ventrikulaarsetel is generally good, especially when the defect is identified and treated early. With proper medical care, most children and adults with this condition can lead normal, active lives. Regular follow-up visits with a cardiologist are essential to monitor heart function and address any complications that may arise.