Vedelalektolüüdikondensaatoreid

Vedelalektolüüdikondensaatoreid, often referred to as wet electrolytic capacitors, are a type of capacitor that utilizes a liquid electrolyte as the cathode. This electrolyte can be either liquid or gel-like. They are characterized by their high capacitance values relative to their size and cost, making them suitable for applications where significant energy storage is required.

The construction of a vedelalektolüüdikondensaator typically involves two electrodes separated by a dielectric layer and an electrolyte. The anode is usually a metal foil, such as aluminum or tantalum, which is anodized to form a thin insulating oxide layer that acts as the dielectric. The cathode is formed by the liquid electrolyte, which makes electrical contact with a separate cathode foil. The electrolyte plays a crucial role in the capacitor's function, providing the necessary conductivity and often participating in the reformation of the dielectric layer.

These capacitors are widely used in power supplies, filtering circuits, and energy storage applications. Their main advantages include high volumetric efficiency and relatively low cost per microfarad. However, they also have limitations, such as a limited lifespan, susceptibility to leakage, and poorer performance at low temperatures compared to solid electrolytic capacitors. The polarity of these capacitors must be observed during installation, as reversed voltage can lead to damage or failure.