Vastu

Vastu Shastra is a traditional Indian system of architecture and design that seeks to harmonize buildings with natural forces. The term Vastu derives from Sanskrit, meaning dwelling or habitation, and Shastra means doctrine or science. Traditionally applied to homes, temples, and urban planning, Vastu aims to promote health, prosperity, and well-being by aligning structures with cosmic energies and the five elements that pervade the environment.

Historically, Vastu Shastra draws on ancient Indian scriptures and later architectural treatises such as Mayamata and Manasara. It integrates concepts from astronomy and astrology with practical considerations of site, orientation, materials, and spatial organization. Although guidelines vary regionally, common principles emphasize the proper orientation of the building and the careful placement of rooms and entrances in relation to cardinal directions.

Key concepts include the Pancha Bhoota—earth, water, fire, air, and space—and the belief that directional energy flows influence mood, health, and success. Practical guidelines often involve placing the main entrance toward the east or north, locating kitchens in the southeast (the "Agni Kon"), and placing the master bedroom in the southwest. Puja or prayer rooms are frequently favored in the northeast, while toilets and storerooms are positioned to minimize disruptive energies, commonly in the northwest or southeast.

In modern use, Vastu Shastra is integrated with contemporary architectural practice in some regions, especially for residential design. Critics note that empirical evidence for Vastu’s effects is limited, and interpretations vary. Proponents view it as a cultural framework for thoughtful space planning rather than a rigid rule book.