Varmeforming

Varmeforming, also known as thermal forming or thermoforming, is a manufacturing process where a plastic sheet is heated to a malleable state and then shaped using a mold. The heated plastic is drawn over or into a mold cavity, and pressure is applied to conform the plastic to the mold's shape. This pressure is often achieved through vacuum, mechanical force, or air pressure. Once the plastic cools and solidifies, it retains the shape of the mold.

The process typically begins with a flat sheet of thermoplastic material. This sheet is clamped into a frame and heated by radiant heaters to a specific temperature, which varies depending on the type of plastic. Once the desired temperature is reached, the sheet is moved to the mold. A vacuum is often applied to draw the plastic tightly against the mold surface, ensuring intricate details are captured. In some cases, a plug assist might be used to help stretch the material evenly. After the material has cooled and hardened, the finished part is ejected from the mold.

Varmeforming is a versatile process used to create a wide range of products, including packaging, automotive parts, appliance components, and recreational equipment. Its advantages include relatively low tooling costs compared to injection molding, the ability to produce large parts, and the use of a variety of plastic materials. However, it may not be suitable for highly complex internal geometries or very thin-walled parts.