Vanadaatit

Vanadaatit is a collective term for compounds containing the vanadate ion, which is derived from vanadium. The most common vanadate ion is VO4^3-, a tetrahedral species. However, depending on the pH and concentration of vanadium in solution, other vanadate species can exist, including those with the empirical formula V2O7^4- and VO3^-. These polyvanadates form complex equilibria in aqueous solutions. Vanadates are typically found in solid forms as salts, such as sodium vanadate (Na3VO4) or ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3).

In nature, vanadates occur in various minerals, often associated with other metal oxides. Notable examples include decavanadates, which are larger, more complex polyanions. Vanadates are generally soluble in acidic solutions and can precipitate out in neutral or alkaline conditions, depending on the cation. Their chemical properties are influenced by the oxidation state of vanadium, which is most commonly +5 in vanadates. This +5 oxidation state makes vanadates oxidizing agents, though their strength varies depending on the specific compound and conditions.

Vanadates have found applications in several industrial and scientific fields. They are used as catalysts in various chemical reactions, including the production of sulfuric acid and in the oxidation of organic compounds. In materials science, vanadates are incorporated into specialized glasses and ceramics, contributing to their optical and physical properties. They also have some use in analytical chemistry and as components in certain pigments. Research continues into potential applications, including in batteries and as potential therapeutic agents.