metavanadate

Metavanadate refers to the VO3− anion, one of the vanadate species containing vanadium in the +5 oxidation state. It is part of the broader family of vanadate oxoanions that also includes orthovanadate (VO4^3−) and other polyvanadates. Metavanadate is typically encountered in alkaline solutions as salts such as sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) and ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3).

In terms of structure, the VO3− ion features vanadium coordinated to three oxygen atoms, with a trigonal pyramidal arrangement. Resonance among V–O bonds gives a characteristic V–O bond character, and the exact geometry can be influenced by the surrounding environment, such as counterions and solution conditions. In aqueous solution, metavanadate coexists with other vanadate species and can interconvert with them depending on pH and concentration.

Preparation and occurrence: Metavanadate salts are commonly prepared by dissolving vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) in alkali to form metavanadate solutions, which can then crystallize as solid salts like NaVO3 or NH4VO3. These species are studied within inorganic chemistry and can arise in processes involving vanadium oxides and basic media. They also serve as precursors to other vanadium(V) oxoanions and oxide materials.

Reactions and applications: Metavanadate participates in acid–base and redox equilibria characteristic of vanadate chemistry. It is used as a reagent in inorganic synthesis and as a starting material for preparing oxide materials and mixed-oxide catalysts. While not a widely deployed standalone industrial chemical, metavanadate is important for studying vanadium speciation and related catalytic systems.

Safety: Metavanadate salts can be toxic and irritating.Handle with appropriate personal protective equipment, avoid inhalation of powders, and follow standard inorganic chemical waste disposal regulations.